JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

#76

Lord Byron in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten
Hartmut Müller
Rowohlt, 1981 - faqe 158
Janina kryeqytet i Shqiperise dhe kryeqytet i Luajve te Janines .

#77

Allgemeines Fremdwörter-Handbuch für Teutsche
Von Johann Friedrich Heigelin
1838
Janina kryeqytet i Shqiperise

#78

Kjo faqe tregon, se pavaresisht nga etnia, ne favor te krijimit te shtetit grek te pavarur ishin te krishteret, kurse kundra tij muslimanet duke perfshire dhe ata greke. Gjithashtu tregohet, per te panumerten here, qe jo vetem Epiri ishte vendi i shqiptareve, por gjithe Greqia, ishte strehe e hershme per ta.

#79

There are masses of Albanians in Greece already not merely in Acarnania but in parts of the Morea and even in Attica and Boeotia the great body of the population is Albanian although curiously enough they preserve the relative characteristics for which the inhabitants of these province were proverbial in antiquity .

Autori me sinqeritet pohon se jane shqiptaret ata qe ruajne karakteristikat e banoreve te lashte te Epirit, me bindjen se keta te fundit, kane qene greke dhe kjo e ben ate qe te shprehet: 'per cudi'. Skolasticizmi i autorit(dhe jo vetem i tij), per vazhdimesine greke eshte aq i forte, sa megjithese:

1)qendrat historike te Greqise dhe gjithe Epiri banohen nga shqiptare
2) shqiptaret ruajne karakteristikat e popullsise se vjeter, kurse greket moderne jo
3)

Some authorities pronounce them to be a distinct independent branch of the Aryan family no view answers the ascertained facts than the opinion of Mr Freeman that are by descent the representatives of the ancient people of Epirus who were a kind of Greeks and the opinion of Strangford that their speech is still essentially Greek in its basis though mixed large borrowings from the Latin and Romance languages But whatever they

ai prapeseprape, nuk eshte ne gjendje qe te kuptoje dhe te thote, qe jane shqiptaret vazhduesit natyrale te grekeve te vjeter dhe jo greket e rinj, qe te vetme gje greke qe kane eshte gjuha, nje forme e folure e adoptuar.

#80

A dictionary of geography, ancient and modern By Josiah Conder

#81

Ndonese autori ben ngaterrime te medha, prapseprape eshte e mundur qe nder rreshtash te gjehet ky interpretim qe:
1) Greket kane qene me te shumtit ne Turqine Europiane meqe perfshinin tere bashkesite ortodokse, klasat e pasura tregtare, te shkolluarit dhe 'industrialistet' e kohes.

The Greeks in the parts of European Turkey still remaining are estimated to be about a million and a half. They are intelligent, enterprising, and industrious, but want honesty. They are the principal merchants, navigators, and artisans of the country. Previous to the late Greek war, they constituted the principal part of the seamen of the Turkish navy. The Arnauts, or Albanians, are scattered throughout the southern and western parts of Turkey, and are about half a million in number. They are a warlike people, always ready to engage in military and marauding expeditions, under any leader who will pay them best.

An epitome of universal geography, or, A description of the various ... By Nathan Hale

#82

These Jews only speak Greek, which is the only trade language of Epirus. Of the Greeks and Albanians in Epirus , some are Christians, some Mussulmans, whilst the Vlachs and Albanians Vlachs are all Christians. The Jews profess their own religion.

Das Staatsarchiv: Sammlung der offiziellen Aktenstücke zur ...: Volumes 77-78
Institut für Auswärtige Politik (Germany), Institut für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht (Germany), Germany. Auswärtiges Amt - 1909,

#83

Ndonese ky citat i permban ca gafa, ia vlen megjithate te postohet:

Beyond the gulf of Arta, and at the foot of the mountains of Albania, two little republics have not long since displayed the heroic valor of their ancestors, or rather that austere courage and inflexibility of the ancient Spartans, which sometimes bordered on ferocity. Parga and Souli have acquired some celebrity in the records of their country. Ancient Epirus, or Lower Albania, is a mountainous but fertile country, supporting a population of Greek origin, but as warlike and energetic as the other Greeks were mild and peaceable. The situation of their villages is such as to induce them to form themselves into independent tribes, and to carry on a warfare against their neighbours, or any troops that might be disposed to subjugate them. They cultivate the soil no farther than is necessary to afford them a supply of miserable food, but they like to possess large flocks; and, while the life of a shepherd is in other places peaceful, here it is intimately connected with the profession of arms. Privations do not affright them; they delight in danger; if their enemy injures them, they live in the hope of taking signal vengeance; their fiery passions know no moderation, and, if despair seizes them, they are the first to sacrifice every thing that is dear to them. When they lose their liberty, and their native soil, nothing any longer attaches them to life; they are totally unmanned, become incapable of any generous resolution, and brutalise in servitude. We refer here to the Epirots, who practise the Greek worship, and speak the Greek language; the Armaouts, or indigenous Albanians, unite the greater barbarism with the fanaticism of the Mussulmans. From some remains of antiquity it would appear, that the Parginots very early established themselves in this country; but it has been in modern times, that they occupied and fortified the steep rock on which they lately established themselves, perhaps to shelter themselves from the inroads of other Albanians. Their citadel was on the rugged summit of a precipice, beaten by the waves, and commanding a little territory of unequal level, but well watered and covered •with corn, groves of cedars and cypress, and plantations of olive and orange trees. Parga, notwithstanding the weakness of its population, amounting only to 5000 souls, made its independence to be respected by the Venetians, though it could not hinder them from putting a garrison into its port, which had become important for the protection of the coast of F.pirus. Vol. X.

The London encyclopaedia, or, Universal dictionary of science, art ... edited by Thomas Curtis (of Grove house sch, Islington)

http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA625& ... utput=text

#84

Ju lumte per punen! Ja edhe nje citat tjeter:

The Albanian clans, occupying a large part of the mountain ranges overlooking the Adriatic from the Gulf of Arta up to Scutari, all spoke a common language, though still almost unwritten, but they were divided by differences of religion .

Fifty years in a changing world, Sir Valentine Chirol - 1927, p.115

#85

The western coast of the Balkan Peninsula, above the Gulf of Arta, which separates Greece from Albania...

The New international encyclopaedia: Volume 2, Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby - 1906,

#86

Po e sjell vetem nje faqe qe ka te beje me shume rreth temes. Perndryshe libri ne fjale duhet postuar i teri (faqet qe kane te bejne per shqiptaret) ne ndonje teme tjeter perkatese (P.sh 'Pasazhe librash per shqiptaret). Iu kisha lutur dikujt qe ka kohe ta beje nje gje te tille!

The Home and foreign review, Volume 3

http://books.google.com/books?id=QX9HAA ... &q&f=false

#87

A similar emigration takes place at present from the mountains of Epirus into all the rest of Greece. The ancient Greeks form a population which daily diminishes, and yields to the ancient and nervous race of the Albanians, from whom the Greeks are easily distinguished. The Albanian dialect has not yet been used in writing. In Epirus itself, they write in Greek, and wherever they settle in Greece, they use the Greek language. The flourishing establishments of Hydra, Spezzia, Poros, Ipsara, are all Albanians, and though they write and speak Greek, yet their ordinary language, both in the towns and on board their numerous vessels, is the Albanian, as we have often had opportunities of observing. The log, the journal, the account book, are kept in Greek ; but their conversation and naval command are always in Albanian. We have collected some interesting particulars respecting these rising establishments, which we may, perhaps, publish on another occasion.

The cabinet of foreign voyages and travels, 1825, p. 214-15

#88

But whilst the Albanians are gaining ground in the north, they are losing it
in the south. A large portion of the inhabitants of Southern Albania, though
undoubtedly of Pelasgic origin, are Greek by language. Arta, Yanina, and Prevesa
are Hellenized towns, and only a few Mohammedan families there still speak
Albanian. Ifearly the whole of the tract between the Pindus and the Adriatic
coast ranges has become Greek as far as language goes, and throughout the
mountain region extending westward to the sea the inhabitants are " bilingual;"
that is to say, they speak two languages. The famous Suliotes, for instance, who
talk Tosk within the bosom of their familj', make use of Greek in their intercourse
with strangers. "Wherever the two races come into contact, it is alwaj-s the
Albanian who takes the trouble to learn Greek.

This influence of the Hellenes is all the more powerful as it meets with
support amongst the Zinzares, known also as Macedo-Walakhs, " Limping "
Walakhs, or Southern Rumanians, who are met with throughout the country.
These Zinzares arc the kinsmen of the Rumanians of Wallachia and Moldavia, and
live in a compact body only on the two slopes of the Pindus, to the south and east
of the Lake of Yanina. Like the Rumanians of the Danube, they are most
probably Latinised Dacians. They resemble the Walukhs in features, character,
and disposition, and speak a neo-Latin tongue much mixed with Greek. The
Zinzares in the valleys of the Pindus are, for the most part, herdsmen, and wander
away from their villages sometimes for months. Others carry on trades, exhi-
biting much manual skill and intelligence. Nearly all the bricklayers of Turkey,
those of the large towns excepted, are Zinzares; and the same individual sometimes
erects an entire house, doing in turn the work of architect, carpenter, joiner,
and locksmith. The Rumanians of the Pindus are likewise esteemed as clever
goldsmiths.

Their capacity for business is great, and the commerce of the interior of
Turkey is almost entirely in their hands, as is that of the maiitime districts in
those of the Greeks. The "Walakhs of Metzovo are said to have stood formerly
under the direct protection of the Porte, and every traveller, whether Mussulman
or Christian, was bound to unshoe his horses before he left their territory, for fear
" of his carrying away a clod of earth which did not belong to him." Commercial
houses conducted by Walakhs of the Pindus are met with in every town of the
Orient, and even at Vienna one of the most influential banks has been founded by
one of them. Abroad they are generally taken for Greeks, and the wealthier
amongst them send their children to Athens to be educated. Siu'rounded by
Mussulmans, the Zinzares of the Pindus feel the necessity of attaching themselves
to some country through which they might obtain their freedom, and they hope
for a union with Greece. It is only quite recently that they have learnt to look
upon the Rumanians of the North and the Italians as their kinsmen. They do
not, however, set much store upon their nationality, and have no aspirations as
a distinct race. There can be no doubt that in the course of ages many of these
Macedo-Walakhs have become HeUenized. Nearly all Thessaly was inhabited
by Zinzares in the Middle Ages, and Byzantine authors speak of that country as
" Great Wallachia." Whether these Zinzares have emigrated to Rumania, as
some think, or have become assimilated with the Greeks, the fact remains that at
the present day they are not very numerous on the eastern slopes of the Pindus.
Thousands of Rumanian families have settled in the coast towns, at Avlona, Berat,
and Tirana, embracing Mohammedanism, but still retaining their native idiom.

If we exclude these Zinzares, the Greeks of Epirus, the Servians, and the few
Osmanli dwelling in the large towns, there remain only the semi-barbarous Gheges
and Tosks, whose social condition has hardly undergone any change in the course
of three thousand years. In their manners and modes of thought these modern
Albanians are the true successors of the ancient Pelasgians, and many a scene that
a traveller may witness amongst them carries him back to the days of the Odyssey.
G. von Hahn, who has most thoroughly studied the Shkipetars, looks upon them
as veritable Dorians, whose ancestors, led by the Heraclidse, burst forth from the
forests of Epirus to conquer the Peloponnesus. They are as courageous, as war-
like, as fond of dominion, and as clannish as were their ancestors. Their dress,
likewise, is nearly the same, and the white tunic (fustanelle) neatly fastened
roimd the waist fairly represents the ancient chlamys. The Gheges, like the
Dorians of old, are addicted to that mysterious passion which the historians of
antiquity have confounded, unfortunately, with a nameless vice, and which links
men to children by a pure and ideal love, in which the senses have no part.

There is no modern people respecting whom more astounding acts of bravery
are recorded than of the Albanians. In the fifteenth century they had their
Scanderbeg, who, though the theatre of his glory was more circumscribed than
that of his namesake of Macedonia, was hardly inferior to him in genius, and

ALBAXLV AND El'IRUS. 121

certainly surpassed him in justness and goodness of heart. Or what nation has
ever exceeded in courage the Suliote mountaineers, amongst whom not an aged
man, a woman, or a child was found to heg for mercy from Ali Pasha's executioners?
Tlie heroism of these Suliote women, who set tire to the ammunition waggons, and
then hand in hand precipitated themselves from the rocks, or sought death in the
mountain torrents, chanting their own funeral song, will at all times stand forth
in history as an astounding fact.

This valour, unfortunately, is associated amongst many tribes with a fearful
amount of savagencss. Human life is held cheap amongst these warlike popula-
tions ; blood calls for blood, and victim for victim. They believe in vampires and
phantoms, and occasionally an old man has been burnt alive, on suspicion of his
being able to kill by the breath of his mouth. Slavery docs not exist, -but woman
is held in a state of servitude ; she is looked upon as an inferior being, having no
rights or mind of her own. Custom raises a more formidable barriel- between the
sexes than do walls and locked doors elsewhere. A young girl is not permitted to
speak to a young man ; such an act is looked upon as a crime, which her father or
brother may feel called upon to punish by a deed of blood. The parents sometimes
consult the wishes of their son when about to marry him, but never those of their
daughter. The latter is frequently affianced in her cradle, and, when twelve years
of age, she is handed over to a young man on his presenting a wedding outfit and
a sum of money fixed by custom, and averaging twenty shillings. From that
moment he becomes the absolute master of his bride, though not without first
going through the farce of an abduction, as is customary amongst neaiiy all
ancient nations. The poor woman, thus sold like a slave, is boimd to work for her
husband. She is his housekeeper as well as his labourer, and the national poets
compare her to the "ever-active shuttle," whilst the father of the family is
likened to the "majestic ram mai'ching at the head of the flock." Yet woman,
scorned though she be, and brutalised by heavy work, may traverse the whole
country without fear of being insulted, and the life of an unfortunate who places
himself under her protection is held sacred.

Family ties are very powerful amongst the Albanians. The father retains the
rights of sovereign lord up to an advanced age, and as long as he lives the
earnings of his children and grandchildren are his own. Frequently this com-
munism continues after his death, the eldest son taking his place. The loss of a
member of the family, and particularly of a young man, gives rise to fearful
lamentations amongst the women, who frequently swoon away, and even lose their
senses. But the death of persons who have reached the natural limits of human
life is hardly mourned at all. The descendants of the same ancestor never lose
sight of their parentage. They form clans, called ju/n's or pharas, which are
boimd firmly together for

The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants"

#89

The inhabitants of the Chimera, a mountainous district south of Vallona, were indeed Arnauts, what Greek they spoke being acquired as a second language.

Byron's bulldog: the letters of John Cam Hobhouse to Lord Byron
Baron John Cam Hobhouse Broughton, Baron George Gordon Byron Byron, Peter W. Graham - 1984

the five vilayets, two of which, Janina and Scutari, with a large part of Kossovo and a portion of Monastir, are inhabited almost exclusively by Albanians, with Servian Christians in the north and Greek Christians in the south

Review of reviews and world's work: Volume 46
Albert Shaw - 1912

#90

Ndonese teksti i meposhtem eshte ca kontradiktore vende-vende, megjithate ia vlen te sillet qe te vihen ne spikame pjeset me te bukura!

Arnaouts, or Albanians ; a people of mixed origin, probably the primitive inhabitants of Illyria and Macedonia, intermixed with Goths, Huns and Sclavonians, who have spread in the western part of Rumelio, along the coasts of the Adriatic and Ionian seas, and have sent colonies to the Neapolitan and Sicilian coasts. Then- language has not risen to the dignity of a written one. They call themselves Skypttars; by the Turks they are called Jmamiis. They are divided into several tribes, among whom the Suliotes (q. v.) are partly of Greek origin. Strong and warlike by nature, the Aniaouts were the best soldiers in the Turkish army. They are frank towards friends and superiors, but allow themselves, like all rude nations, every kind of artifice and perfidy towards their enemies. The oppression, under which they formerly lived, filled them with the desire of liberty. For arts and trades they have no inclination. Agriculture they esteem not so honorable an occupation as arms. Their restless spirit is averse to the uniformity of peace. Yet they are not acquainted with the higher tactics; they never form a line of battle, and do not'understand the advantages of strong positions. Hence they are not so efficient against European armies as might be expected from their personal courage. They carry the choicest weapons. Upon their breast they wear a plate of silver, and their legs are covered with a kind of greaves ; their hair is cut short in front, and hid by a red bonnet, drawn down to the eyebrows.—Albania, part of the Turkish province Arnaout Vilujctti, a mountainous, maritime country, but very well adapted to the cultivation of wine, fruit, cotton and tobacco, lying along the Adriatic and Ionian seas, is the true country of the Amaouts.—The Montenegrins (q. v.) in the hills of Montenegro, wkom the Turks have not yet been able to vanquish, are distinguished among them. Among the principal towns, we may mention Janina (q. v.) and Scutari, with 12,000 inhabitants (not to be confounded pachas; also Durazzo, the old Dyrrhadiiwn)

Encyclopaedia Americana: A popular dictionary of arts, sciences ..., Volume 1 edited by Francis Lieber, Edward Wigglesworth, Thomas, p.383

ARBERIAONLINE

JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE

Re: JANINA - PRAPAVIJA E SAJ SHQIPTARE