illyrianboyful wrote:
mendoj se Bardusi mund të na ndihmoj më shumë duke na sjellë një punim të pokorny-t!
Mendimi imë është se rrënja e "uj" është ruajtur me pak ndyshim në gjuhën shqipe UJË ->Ui, sepse jam i bindjes se gjerma "JË" është e vonshme, një evoluimë i gjermës "i".
-UJ(alb)<-Oi(në lashtësi)
Në skipë, kemi fjalën VADA e cila është shumë afër VODA-s, por kjo nuk do me thënë se, ne apo ata na e dhanë, është shumë e mundur se kështu mbetën që nga lashtësia.
Përpos se është më probabile, që VADA->uada(proto alb) të ketë dhënë VODA-< UO-DA sepse është fjalë dy rrokëshe UA+DA, UA dmth=UJ, dhe DA = ndarje, sepse VADA është ndarëse mes dy mexheve në shumicën e rastëve.
Patjeter ,ja dhe punimi i Pokornit per fjalen uje :
Root / lemma: au̯(e)-9, au̯ed-, au̯er- (*aku̯ent- : aḫu̯ent-)
English meaning: to flow, to wet; water, etc.
German meaning: `benetzen, befeuchten, fließen'
Note:
From Root / lemma: angʷ(h)i- : `snake, worm' derived Root / lemma: akʷā- (more properly ǝkʷā): ēkʷ-
: `water, river'; Root / lemma: eĝhero- : `lake, inner sea'; Root / lemma: ad(u)-, ad-ro- : `water current': Illyr. pannon. VN ᾽Οσεριᾶτες [common alb.-illyr.-balt. -ĝh- > -d-, -z- phonetic mutation].
From Root / lemma: akʷā- `water, river' nasalized in *aku̯ent- (suffixed in -er, -or) derived Root / lemma: au̯(e)-9, au̯ed-, au̯er- : `to flow, to wet; water, etc. `
Material: a) au̯/е/-, au̯ent-:
Note:
The following mutations have taken place: Root: akʷā- > aku̯/е /-, aku̯ent- > au̯/е /-, au̯ent-:
Hisp. FlN Avo[s] > span. Ave, PN A[v]o-briga; gall. FlN Aveda > prov. Avèze (Gard), Avisio portus (Alpes-mar.);
Old Indian avatáḫḥ m. `fountains, wells' (*au̯n̥tos), avaṭá-ḥ `cistern, tank' (with prakrit. ṭ from t), ital. FlN Avēns in Sabine land (therefrom Aventīnus m. hill of Romeö), Aventia (Etrurian), gall. Aventia, spring nymph of Aventicum > frz. Avenches (Schweiz), numerous FlN Avantia (*au̯n̥tiā) > frz. Avance, La Vence, abrit. *Avantīsā > cymr. Ewenni; alit. FlN Avantà, lett. avuõts (*au̯ontos) `sources, wellspring, spring'.
b) au̯ed-, aud-, ū̆d-;
Note:
The zero grade of Root / lemma: akʷā- `water, river' has been suffixed in nasalized -(n)dor, -(n)tor: *(a)ku̯/е /-, *(a)ku̯entor, *(a)hu̯entor) > (a)u̯ed-, (a)ud-, ū̆d-(*(a)hu̯ed-):
heteroklit. r/n-stem u̯édōr, u̯ódōr (Nom. Sg.), udén(i) (Lok.Sg.), udnés (Gen. Sg.) `water', compare J. Schmidt Pl. 172 ft., Pedersen KZ. 32, 240 ff., Bartholomae PBrB. 41, 273.
Old Indian ōdatī `the soaking, the flowing', ōdman- n. `the waves, floods', ōda-ná-m `mash boiled in milk', av. (*ahuoda) aoδa- m. `wellspring, fount'.
Old Indian unátti (*u-n-ed-ti), 3. Pl. undáti `soaked, moistened'; av. vaiδi- f. `water run, irrigation canal'.
Old Indian udán(i) Lok., udnáḥ Gen., udā́ Nom. Akk. Pl. `water' (Nom. Akk. Sg. udakáḫm); from r-stem derived samudraḫḥ `sea', anudraḫḥ `waterless' (= gr. ἄνυδρος);
udro-s `water animal': Old Indian udráḫḥ `a water animal' = av. udra- m. `otter' (= gr. ὕδρος, ahd. etc ottar, compare also lat. lutra and with ū lit. údra, Old Church Slavic vydra ds.);
also nasalized alb. (*lutra) lundra `otter' a Latin loanword
from -(e)s-stem Old Indian (*hutsa-) utsaḫḥ `spring, well', compare air. (*hudeski̯o-) uisce (*udeski̯o-) `water';
Note:
The following phonetic mutations have taken place: zero grade in arm: (a)ku̯ent- > gu̯et, zero grade in slav. (a)hu̯eda- > voda, zero grade in phryg. (a)ku̯edu > βεδυ [common Greek gʷ> b, kʷ> p phonetic mutation]:
arm. (*gwet) get `river' (basic form *u̯edō, Sandhi form to u̯edōr, compare under slav. voda; it corresponds also phryg. βεδυ `water', i.e. *vedū from *u̯edō, Kretschmer Einl. 225).
Maybe alb. (*gu̯et) det `sea' : arm. get `river' common alb. gu̯- > d- phonetic mutation.
Note:
Maybe phryg. βεδυ `water' : nasalized illyr. Bindus `water god' [common illyr. gu̯- > b- phonetic mutation].
Maybe alb. geg. bdorë, vdorë, dzborë `snow, snowfall' : gr. ὕδωρ `water' common illyr. gw- > b- phonetic mutation.
Gr. ὕδωρ, ὕδατος (*υδ-n̥-τος) `water' (with metr. elongation ῡδωρ); from r-stem derived ἄνυδρος `waterless', ὕδρος, ὕδρᾱ `water snake', ἐνυδρίς f. `otter', ὑδαρής, ὑδαρός `watery' (ὑδαλέος ds. with suffix exchange; similarly ὕλλος `water snake, ichneumon' : ὕδρος = lak. ἑλλά̄ : ἕδρα), ὕδερος `dropsy', ὑδρία `water bucket' (: lat. uter); from n-stem (compare ὕδνης `watery') derived ΏΑλοσύδνη eig. `sea wave, wave, the billow' (ö),epithet of Amphitrite and Thetis (Johansson Beitr. 117;
from also ὑδνον `truffle' as `juicy'öö), as well as probably Καλ-υδών, -ύδνα (-ύμνᾱ), Καλύδνιοι, -ύμνιοι (see Boisacq 998 a)ö
es-stem τὸ ὕδος `water' is only late poet. Nom. Akk. to Dat. ὕδει.
Maked. PN ῎Εδεσσα from *u̯edesi̯ā, Kretschmer RIEt Balc. 1, 383. common gr.-illyr. -ks- > -ss- phonetic mutation.
Alb. ujë `water' (after Pedersen KZ. 34, 286; 36, 339 not from *udḫni̯ā, but from *ud-; or, nevertheless, from *udōö).
The shift -dn- > nj > j of possibly alb. (*udna-h) ujë, ujna Pl. `water' has also been attested in alb. shtynj, shtyj `poke, push' (*studni̯ō); see Root / lemma: (s)teu-1 : `to push, hit'
Maybe alb. ujë neut. Pl. `water' is a truncated derivative of Luwian wida- `watery', hitt. witi `in water'.
Luwian watti `ö'
D-LSg wa-at-ti: KBo XXIX 25 iii 10.
Could be cognate of Hitt. witi 'in water', but unprovable.
Luwian wida- `watery'
D-LPl ú-i-da-an-za: 45 ii 6.
See Watkins, Flex. u. Wortbild. 376. Cf. perh. witam[ ] at KBo
XXIX 37,4. Contra Starke, StBoT 31.567f, witi, ˚witaš and
witaz are Hittite!
Luwian witantalli(ya)- `of the water(s)' (öö)
N-ASgNt ú-i-ta-an-ta-al-li-an: 43 ii 1.
ú-i-ta-an-ta-al-li-ya-an-za: 43 ii 9.
ú-i-ta-an-tal-li-ya-an-za: 19,4*.
AbIn ú-i-ta-an-tal-li-ya-ti: 19,8*.
Mere guess based on shape & context. Far from assured!
Luwian witatt(a)- `ö'
ASg ú-i-ta-at-ta-an: 43 ii 11.
Perhaps again a derivative of `water'. A 2nd pl. imv. of wida(i)-
is highly unlikely in the context.
Luwian NINDA wiyattatar 'ö'
N-ASg NINDA ú-i-ya-at-ta-tar: XVII 24 ii 3.
Lat. (*hunda) unda, f. `water, fluid, esp. a wave; fig. a stream of people' (with n- infix from the present; compare Old Prussian (*gwundan) wundan n., unds m. `water' and Old Indian (*hundati) unátti, undáti as well as lit. vanduõ, -eñs, vándenį, žem. unduo, lett. ûdens m. f. `water', and in addition Schulze EN. 243, Brugmann Grdr. II2 3, 281, 283, Trautmann 337);
(*huter) uter, utris `hose, tube' (*udri-s `*water hose', compare gr. ὑδρία), lutra `otter' (l- after lutum `mud, mire, dirt; clay, puddle').
Umbr. (*hutor) utur n. `water' (= ὕδωρ), Abl. une (*udni).
Air. (*hudesko) u(i)sce `water' (*udeski̯o-), odar `brown' (*udaros), coin fodorne `otters' (`water dogs').
Got. watō (n-stem), Dat. Pl. watnam `water'; aschwed. vætur (æ = idg. eö rather umlaut from germ. a in the -in- case, see Bartolomae aaO.),
aisl. (*gvatna) vatn n. (takes o-stem, compare got. Dat. Pl. watnam), vatr, nord. sea name Vöttern; ahd. wazzar, as. watar, ags. wæter (*u̯odōr) `water';
aisl. (*huotar) otr, ags. otor, ahd. ottar m. `otter, water snake', in addition FlN Otter, old Uterna; with nasalization within the word (compare above to lat. unda) probably got. wintrus, aisl.vetr, ags. winter, ahd. as. wintar `winter' as `wet season' (Lidén PBrB. 15, 522, Falk-Тоrp under vinter; not better to ir. find `white', see under su̯eid- `shine');
perhaps to Wasser also ahd. ags. (*hwaschan) wascan, aisl. vaska, nhd. waschen, wusch (*wat-sk-); with lengthened grade ē of the root shaped from aisl. vātr, ags. wǣt, engl. wet `wet, soaked'.
In Germ. also with Þ ags. wađum m. `wave', zero grade aisl. unnr, uđr, Pl. unnir `wave', as. ūthia, ūđia, ags. ȳđ, ahd. (*gvundra) undea `wave, billow, flood', like from a root variant *u̯et-, however, it is found nowhere else; Johansson Beitr. 117 f. sees therein the t of the type Old Indian yakr̥-t.
Lit. (*gvounduõ) vanduõ etc (see above); lit. (*hudras) údra, аpr. udro f., ostlit. údras, lett. ûdris m. `otter'; Old Church Slavic (*gvudras) vydra, skr. vīdra (bsl. ūd- : lit. vánd-eni; see finally Trautmann 334 m. Lit.; to ū compare Pedersen Ét. Lit. 54 f.);
Maybe alb. vidra `sea otter' Slavic loanword.
Old Church Slavic (*gvoda) voda `water' (become Fem. because of the ending -a, here for idg. -ō[r]); lengthened grade Old Church Slavic vědro `κάδος, σταμνος' (with ὑδρία attuning well in the meaning, s. Meillet MSL. 14, 342, Trautmann 337);
hett. wa-a-tar (*gwātar, wātar ) `water', Gen. úе-te-na-aś (e-grade as phryg. βεδυ, a of Nom. from eö). Nom. Pl. ú-wiḫtaḫar, with unsettled vocalism in spite of Pedersen Hitt. 167.
Maybe the old laryngeal present in hitt. Gen. úе -te-na-aś `of water', Nom. Pl. ú-wiḫtaḫar `waters' was transmited to turk. su `water'.
c) au̯er- `water, rain, river' (u̯ēr- : ūr-; to the ablaut Persson Beitr. 604, Anm. 2).
1. u̯ēr-, u̯er-: Old Indian vā́r, vā́ri n. `water', av. vār n. `rain' (with themat. inflection iran. av. vār `to rain', med. `allow to rain, let rain'), Old Indian vārī f. `water', av. vairi- m. `sea';
toch. A wör, В war `water';
arm. gayṙ `marsh, mud' (*u̯eri̯o-);
gr. perhaps in ἀρύω `scoops', if *Fὰρ ὔ[σ]ω (see *aus- `scoop, draw water, ladle');
alb. (after Jokl SBAk. Wien 168 I 30, 89, 97) vrëndë `light rain' (nt- participle); hur-dë `pond, tank, marsh' (*ūr-), shure `urine', shurë (postverbal) f. `urine' (prefix sh from lat. ex or idg. *sm̥ + ūr-në; or + gr. οὐρέωö);
Note:
Albanian preserved the old laryngeal ḫ- > s- like satem languages alb. (*sūrīna) shura `urine' : Hittite šehur `urine' : lat. ūrīna `urine'. But in alb. hur-dë `pond, tank, marsh' alb. preserved ḫ- laryngeal like centum languages.
cymr. gwer m. `suet, sebaceous, tallow';
anord. vari m. `liquid, water'.
2. ūr-, au̯er-: Lat. ūrīna `urine' (in which meaning influenced by οὖρονö), ūrīnor, -ārī `to dive', ūrīnātor `a diver';
Maybe alb. urela `water-pit' : Basque ura `water'.
anord. ūr `fine rain', ȳra `to rain subtly', ūrigr `dew-covered', ags. ūrig ds.;
perhaps anord. ūrr, Gen. ūrar (u-stem), ags. ūr, ahd. ūro, ūrohso, lat. Lw. ūrus `a kind of wild ox', schwed. mdartl. ure `randy bull, a bull in heat' (`*one that scatters, drops, one that inseminates' as Old Indian vr̥šan- etc, see under);
root form au̯er- in thrak. FlN Αὔρας, gr. (Persson IF. 35, 199) *αὔρα `water, spring' in ἄναυρος `without water, of brooks' under likewise (about gr. θησαυρός and Κένταυρος compare Schwyzer Gr.Gr. I 267, 444);
in FlN: ital. Met-aurus (Bruttium), Pisaurus (Umbrien), gall. Avara > frz. Avre, Aura > frz. Eure, Aurana > nhd. Ohrn (Wörttemb.), Arḫauris > frz. Hérault, Vi-aurus > frz. Le Viaur; аpr. Aure, lit. Aurḫytė; anord. aurigr `wet', aurr `wet, water', FlN Aura, ags. ēar `sea';
аpr. wurs (*ūras) `pond, pool', iūrin Akk. Sg., iuriay Pl. fem. `sea', alett. jūri- m., lett. jũ'ra, lit. jū́rės, jū́rios Pl. fem. `sea, esp. the Baltic Sea' (see above to lat. ūrīna; j- presumably suggestion after J. Schmidt PL 204);
lit. jaurùs `swampy, marshy', jáura, jáuras `marshy place, marshy ground, swamp bottom' from *eu̯ǝr- (see Berneker IF. 10, 162, Trautmann 335 m. Lit.).
Maybe arm. jur, Gen. jroy `water' [not from (*gʷhðōro-) see Root / lemma: gʷhðer- : `to run, flow'
] : alb. (*jura > uja) ujë, ujëra Pl. `water'.
3. Verbum: Lit. vérdu, vìrti `bubble, surge, cook', versmě `wellspring', vỹrius `whirlpools', atvyrs `counterstream on the shore', lett. ver̂du, vir̂t `soak, bubble, boil, cook', atvars `whirl',
Old Church Slavic vьrjǫ, vьrěti `stream, bubble, surge, boil, cook', virъ `whirlpool', izvorъ `wellspring (bubbling water)', wherefore with from `cook' developed meaning `heat', lett. wersme `glow', Old Church Slavic varъ `heat'.
About possible affiliation of *u̯er/e/nā `alder' see there.
4. extension u̯er-s- `rain, dew': Old Indian varśá- n. `rain, rainy season, year' (varšati `it is raining'), gr. οὖρον `urine'; ἔρση, ἐέρση `dew', ion. att. οὐρέω `urinates' (kausativ *u̯orseiō, F- proved by the augmentation ἐούρησα), οὐρία `a water bird';
mir. frass `rain' is older fross (u̯rosḫtā, in spite of Pedersen KG. I 44); hett. waḫarḫšaḫaš `rain'(ö)seems Old Indian Lw.
Maybe alb. (*varśá-) vesa `dew' : ἐέρση `dew'.
u̯r̥sen- `discharging semen = virile', Old Indian vr̥šán- `virile', m. `manikin, man, stallion'.
thereof derived av. varǝšna- `virile', Old Indian vŕ̥ṣ̣a-, vr̥ṣabhá- `bull', vŕ̥ṣṇi- `virile', m. `Aries, ram' (= av. varǝšni- ds.), vŕ̥šaṇa- m. `testicles';
Specht (Dekl. 156) places here (from germ. *wrai-njan-) without s-extension ahd. reineo `stallion', as. wrênio ds., ags. wrǣne `horny, lustful'; ahd. wrenno `stallion' is back-borrowed from Mlat.
u̯ersē/i-: lat. verrēs, -is `boar', lit. ver̃šis `calf', lett. versis `ox, rother, cattle'.
References: compare in general Persson root extension 47, 85 f., Johansson KZ. 30, 418, IF. 2, 60 ff., Persson Beitr. 604 f., 845 (also against connection of u̯ers- with ers-). About finn. vesi, stem vete `water' s. Mikkola Mél. van Ginneken 137.
WP. I 252 f., 268 f., WH. I 81 f., Pokorny Urillyrier 93, 105, 159, 169, Specht Dekl. 18 f., Trautmann 20, 334, 337, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 519, 548, 838.